37 Summer 2025 Proceedings gear including on-demand technology could prove ben- eficial to preserving other marine wildlife populations while protecting fishers’ economic interests and the boating community at large. About the author: Eleanor Garcia is a living marine resources analyst working for the Coast Guard. She served as an active-duty Coast Guard officer for more than a decade. Currently a Ph.D. candidate at George Mason University, she holds a Master of Arts from the Naval War College, a Master of Arts from American Military University, as well as a Bachelor of Science in marine and environmental science from the Coast Guard Academy. The views herein are those of the author and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the Commandant or of the U.S. Coast Guard. Endnotes: 1. Seafood Watch, “American Lobster,” Monterey Bay Aquarium, February 20, 2023, https://www.seafoodwatch.org/recommendation/lobster/american- lobster-19701. 2. Associated Press, “Monterey Bay Aquarium’s Seafood Watch Puts New England Lobster on Warning List,” KSBW, September 8, 2022, https://www. ksbw.com/article/monterey-bay-aquariums-seafood-watch-puts-new-eng- land-lobster-on-warning-list/41123378. 3. NOAA Fisheries, “North Atlantic Right Whale,” NOAA, March 19, 2025, New England/Mid-Atlantic, Southeast, https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/ species/north-atlantic-right-whale. 4. NOAA Fisheries, “North Atlantic Right Whale (Eubalaena Glacialis): Western Atlantic Stock,” May 2022, Alaska, New England/Mid-Atlantic, Pacific Islands, Southeast, West Coast, National, https://media.fisheries. noaa.gov/2022-08/N%20Atl%20Right%20Whale-West%20Atl%20Stock_ SAR%202021.pdf. 5. NOAA Fisheries. 6. NOAA Fisheries, “2017–2023 North Atlantic Right Whale Unusual Mortality Event,” NOAA, February 21, 2023, New England/Mid-Atlantic, Southeast, https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/national/marine-life-distress/2017- 2023-north-atlantic-right-whale-unusual-mortality-event. 7. NOAA Fisheries. 8. ASMFC, “American Lobster Stock Assessment Overview” (Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission, October 2020), http://www.asmfc. org/uploads/file/63d81cd0AmericanLobsterStockAssmtOverview_ RevisedJan2021.pdf. 9. NOAA Fisheries, “American Lobster: Management,” NOAA, December 12, 2024, https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/species/american-lobster/manage- ment. 10. Associated Press, “Monterey Bay Aquarium’s Seafood Watch Puts New England Lobster on Warning List.” 11. Kevin A. Miller, “Maine’s Lobster Industry Wins against Endangered Right Whale Protections,” NPR, December 30, 2022, https://www.npr. org/2022/12/30/1146367811/maines-lobster-industry-wins-against-endan- gered-right-whale-protections. 12. The Economist, “Maine’s Lobster Industry Is Feeling the Pinch,” The Economist, September 22, 2022, https://www.economist.com/united- states/2022/09/22/maines-lobster-industry-is-feeling-the-pinch. 13. Harold Daniel et al., “Valuing Lobster for Maine Coastal Tourism: Methodological Considerations: Valuing Lobster for Maine Coastal Tourism,” Journal of Foodservice 19, no. 2 (2008): 133–38, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745- 4506.2008.00091.x. 14. NOAA Fisheries, “Whale Watching: A Win-Win for the Economy and the Whales in Massachusetts,” National Marine Sanctuaries, December 2020, https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/news/dec20/whale-watching-in-stellwagen- bank.html. 15. NOAA Fisheries, “Developing Viable On-Demand Gear Systems,” NOAA, February 7, 2023, New England/Mid-Atlantic, https://www.fisheries.noaa. gov/new-england-mid-atlantic/marine-mammal-protection/developing- viable-demand-gear-systems. 16. N.G. Oppenheim, “Assessing the Feasibility of On-Demand Gear in New England Lobster Fisheries” (Brunswick, Maine: Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries and Homarus Strategies LLC, 2022), https://www.mass. gov/service-details/ropeless-fishing-gear-feasibility-study. 17. Oppenheim. 18. Carolyn Alkire, “Decline in On-Demand Fishing Gear Costs with Learning,” Frontiers in Marine Science 9 (2022), https://www.frontiersin.org/arti- cles/10.3389/fmars.2022.943552. 19. Alkire, “Decline in On-Demand Fishing Gear Costs with Learning.”. 20. Bart Chadwick et al., “Development and Preliminary Testing of a Low-Cost Timer Release for Ropeless Fishing,” in OCEANS 2021: San Diego – Porto (OCEANS 2021: San Diego – Porto, San Diego, CA, USA, 2021), 1–10, https:// doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS44145.2021.9705926. 21. Alkire, “Decline in On-Demand Fishing Gear Costs with Learning.” 22. NOAA Fisheries, “Sea Turtle Disentanglement Network,” NOAA, April 22, 2022, New England/Mid-Atlantic, https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/new- england-mid-atlantic/marine-life-distress/sea-turtle-disentanglement-net- work. 23. Kaitlin M. Lebon and Ryan P. Kelly, “Evaluating Alternatives to Reduce Whale Entanglements in Commercial Dungeness Crab Fishing Gear,” Global Ecology and Conservation 18 (April 1, 2019): e00608, https://doi.org/10.1016/j. gecco.2019.e00608. 24. Kevin Falvey, “Untangle a Fouled Prop,” United States Coast Guard Boating Safety, June 13, 2012, https://www.boatingsafetymag.com/safety-tips/ untangle-fouled-prop. 25. Sarah Pralle, Branching Out, Digging In: Environmental Advocacy and Agenda Setting (Georgetown University Press, 2006), https://www.jstor.org/stable/j. ctt2tt4d7. 26. Daniel K. Lew, “Willingness to Pay for Threatened and Endangered Marine Species: A Review of the Literature and Prospects for Policy Use,” Frontiers in Marine Science, November 16, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2015.00096. 27. Carlotta Mazzoldi et al., “From Sea Monsters to Charismatic Megafauna: Changes in Perception and Use of Large Marine Animals,” PLOS ONE 14, no. 12 (December 31, 2019): e0226810, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0226810. 28. Claire Christian et al., “A Review of Formal Objections to Marine Stewardship Council Fisheries Certifications,” Biological Conservation 161 (May 1, 2013): 10–17, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2013.01.002. 29. Liz Allen, “The Origin Of The ‘Dolphin-Safe’ Tuna Label,” Forbes, accessed May 2, 2023, https://www.forbes.com/sites/allenelizabeth/2021/04/28/the- origin-of-the-dolphin-safe-tuna-label/. 30. Lisa T. Ballance et al., “A History of the Tuna-Dolphin Problem: Successes, Failures, and Lessons Learned,” Frontiers in Marine Science 8 (2021), https:// www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.754755. 31. NOAA Fisheries, “Dolphin-Safe: Tuna Tracking and Verification Program,” NOAA, February 8, 2023, National, https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/ national/marine-mammal-protection/dolphin-safe. 32. Christian et al., “A Review of Formal Objections to Marine Stewardship Council Fisheries Certifications.” 33. Falvey, “Untangle a Fouled Prop.” 34. Modern Sailing, “‘Prop Wrap’ - It’s Easy to Prevent the Costly Consequences of a Fouled Propellor,” Modern Sailing School & Club, 2021, https://www. modernsailing.com/article/fouled-propeller-prevention-tips. 35. Spurs Marine, “SPURS Line and Net Cutter Systems,” Spurs Marine Manufacturing, Inc, 2023, https://spursmarine.com. 36. Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife, “Boating: Fishing & Boating,” Maine Government, 2023, https://www.maine.gov/ifw/fishing- boating/boating/index.html. 37. Massachusetts Environmental Police, “Boat Registration FAQs,” Massachusetts Government, 2023, https://www.mass.gov/service-details/ boat-registration-faqs. 38. U.S. Coast Guard, “National Vessel Documentation Center,” National Vessel Documentation Center- Home, April 28, 2023, https://www.dco.uscg. mil/Our-Organization/Deputy-for-Operations-Policy-and-Capabilities- DCO-D/National-Vessel-Documentation-Center. 39. FLHSMV, “Voluntary Contributions,” Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles, 2023, https://www.flhsmv.gov/motor-vehicles- tags-titles/license-plates-registration/voluntary-contributions. 40. FWC, “Helping Sea Turtles Survive License Plate,” Florida Fish And Wildlife Conservation Commission, 2023, https://myfwc.com/wildlifehabitats/wild- life/sea-turtle/plate.
